An electric bike (e-bike) is a bicycle equipped with an electric motor to assist with propulsion. The motor provides a boost, making it easier to pedal, especially on hills or during long rides. This motor provides power to the bike, which can either assist with pedaling or completely drive the bike, depending on the type. The motor can be located on the front hub, rear hub, or integrated into the bottom bracket (mid-drive). The battery powers the motor and is usually rechargeable. Depending on its capacity (measured in watt-hours), an e-bike can travel anywhere from 20 to over 100 miles on a single charge.

Most e-bikes have a pedal-assist system (PAS), meaning the motor activates when the rider pedals. Some bikes also have a throttle, which allows the rider to propel the bike without pedaling. This manages the amount of power delivered from the battery to the motor. It allows riders to adjust the level of assistance. The motor only works when the rider is pedaling, and they can choose different levels of assistance. The rider can use a throttle to control the motor's power without pedaling. These high-powered bikes assist up to higher speeds (28 mph or more) compared to standard e-bikes (20 mph).

The motor helps reduce the effort required, especially on uphill terrain or during long commutes. E-bikes offer a green alternative to cars for short trips, as they produce no direct emissions. E-bikes are great for people with limited fitness levels or physical challenges, providing an easier way to stay active. E-bikes have gained popularity due to their convenience, ease of use, and environmental benefits.